Taylor Swift heads to the UK in a fortnight, with cities braced for a jamboree of sparkly outfits, mass singalongs and boyfriends proposing during the final chorus of Love Story.

Fans are likely to spend hundreds of pounds on tickets, travel, accommodation and merchandise as they attend her record-breaking Eras tour.

But while the public can’t seem to get enough of seeing their favourite pop stars on stadium tours, their favourite actors aren’t drawing them to cinemas in the same way.

While casting a big star used to guarantee some level of success at the box office, the adulation which was once reserved for movie stars now seems to be directed at pop stars.

There are all kinds of factors at play – including the move towards streaming, the impact of the pandemic, and the film industry’s over-reliance on franchises, sequels and superheroes.

But the trend is also arguably a reflection of how audience habits are evolving. Today’s fans crave authenticity – something you get with pop stars who write their own music, but not so much with actors who are by definition always portraying somebody else.

“I think our expectations of celebrities are changing in general,” The Hollywood Reporter’s Lily Ford tells BBC News.

“Music is extremely personal, the world’s most famous and glamorous people are pouring their heart out, and, for the length of the song, we feel as close to an artist as we would our best friend.”

Artists writing from personal experience is nothing new, but “Taylor Swift has taken that to another level,” Ford says, “singing about vulnerable moments and relationships.

“It creates this illusion of accessibility to her private life, and that lends itself to abnormal levels of popularity, because it feels like you know this pop star on a personal level.

“And that’s just not quite the case with movie stars. We can’t feel like we know a film star when they’re never playing themselves the way pop stars appear to do, or at least a pseudo-version of themselves.”

None of this is to say there aren’t successful movies anymore. There are. But what links them is generally not the bankable box office star, but the intellectual property (IP) attached to the film.

Timothée Chalamet, for example, is hugely popular – but his most recent hits have been Dune and Wonka, which had their own existing fanbases and mythologies. For Tom Holland, there’s Spider-Man. For Margot Robbie, Barbie.

Many of today’s movie stars also appear in original, creative projects, but these often flop. Six months before Barbie became a phenomenon, Robbie starred opposite Brad Pitt in Babylon, which bombed at the box office.

The film was well reviewed, and Gosling and Blunt had great chemistry both in the film and on the promotional trail. But two hugely popular leads weren’t enough to make it a hit. It also had a tiny theatrical window before being released digitally, giving fans even less of an incentive to venture out.

Other recent star vehicles such as Challengers (starring Zendaya) have enjoyed some limited success, but today’s biggest hits are almost all character and franchise driven.

The highest-grossing films of 2023 included Super Mario and The Little Mermaid, alongside the latest instalments of Fast & Furious, Guardians of the Galaxy, Ant-Man, Aquaman, Mission: Impossible and John Wick.

Obviously, if these films had cast actors people hated, they wouldn’t have been successful. But as long as the actor is agreeable enough, it’s the stories and characters the public show up for.

Film critic Tessa Smith, founder of website Mama’s Geeky, argues the films being made are ultimately driven by ticket buyers.

“While I certainly think the film industry is too reliant on IP, and I wish more original films would succeed, I think they are being forced to rely on IP by consumers,” she says.

“It is unfortunate, and I wish it was not the case, but here we are. People do not want to pay the amount of money they have to for a movie, and not be positive they are going to enjoy it. They are not willing to take the risk.”

The closest exception to the IP rule in the last year is perhaps Oppenheimer – its success owed less to the popularity of theoretical physicists and more to the viral Barbenheimer trend. Director Christopher Nolan was also part of the appeal.

Some movie stars appear to have already accepted the demise of the matinée idol and jumped to streaming services.

Other movie stars have remained successful by leaning on superhero franchises. Doing so nets them a big salary, but often at the expense of doing something more original.

Some actors have actively avoided the kinds of popcorn-selling films which have been most associated with box office success in recent years.

Chalamet once famously revealed the advice that Leonardo DiCaprio, one of the few movie stars left, gave him early in his career: “No hard drugs and no superhero movies.”

While many actors rely on IP, music stars such as Swift, Adele, Harry Styles, Beyoncé, Ed Sheeran and Ariana Grande are their own brand.

The Telegraph’s Poppie Platt says the success of bands such as the Beatles and the Rolling Stones in decades gone by suggests musicians have always prompted this level of adoration.

“But I think it’s shifted now to individual pop stars who give more back,” she continues, “and you feel as if your money is going towards an investment which is benefitting you.

“There’s a sense of community. I’ve been going to Taylor Swift’s gigs since I was 11 or 12 years old. And you gain friends at those shows, there’s usually a very supportive environment.

“You’re at a show and you know everybody in the room loves the person as much as you do. It takes away any fear of crowds or big spaces because you know everybody is there for the same reason. You can build friendships from there. There’s nothing like music that does that.”

That experience is less common in cinemas, she notes, meaning you don’t necessarily feel a connection with fellow moviegoers.

Smith goes a step further, suggesting one reason “the theatre experience is dying” is poor audience behaviour.

“I am lucky enough to attend press screenings, where viewers are respectful and mindful of others,” she notes. “However, whenever I attend a public screening there are always people on their phone doom scrolling, recording the screen, or even talking. It ruins the movie for others.”

In contrast, she continues, “Seeing Taylor Swift in person, perform a show live for nearly four hours, when all of her shows are different – and a cathartic experience if you ask me – is much different to going to see a movie in a theatre.”

One major sign that pop stars now sit atop the celebrity tree is the biggest ones rarely do interviews.

Swift, at most, will give two big interviews a year. Styles, similarly, can afford to be extremely choosey with who he speaks to. Beyoncé broadly stopped doing press around 2013. They mostly let their music do the talking instead.

Movie stars, however, are still forced to run the promotional gauntlet, taking part in the endless junket interviews and red carpet appearances written into their contracts.

The changes in how audiences consume films is partly due to the “lingering ramifications of the pandemic,” Ford suggests. “Over the course of two or three years, a lot of Brits fell out of love with cinema-going.”

However, it’s worth noting how enthusiastic the public is when movie stars appear on stage.

Tickets for Romeo and Juliet, starring Holland, have sold out – suggesting fans are willing to part with cash to see actors in person and form a more emotional connection.

“In 1985-87, Anthony Hopkins played more than 370 performances of three productions in the 1,200-seat Olivier Theatre without a single ticket unsold… If he came back, it would happen again.”

Despite their increasing dominance, many pop stars interestingly still crave the glamour and credibility that film acting brings. Styles starred in two movies in 2022, while a screen adaptation of Wicked, starring Grande, will likely be a big hit this winter.

In the US, the 11th highest-grossing film of last year was a recording of Taylor Swift’s Eras Tour, beating Indiana Jones, Mission: Impossible and the Hunger Games. Fans were more inclined to watch a concert in a cinema than some of the film industry’s biggest franchises.

So, are there any movie stars left? Ford says: “Austin Butler, Florence Pugh, Zendaya, Jacob Elordi and Paul Mescal are the kinds of names I’d place my bets on as the next movie stars. And what connects them might be that they’re all doing such a vast range of films and being particular about which projects they take on.”

Mescal is often cited as one of cinema’s great hopes, and scored an Oscar nomination with an original film – 2022’s Aftersun. But it’s notable his next major movie is a sequel (Gladiator 2).

Tom Cruise is often referred to as the last true movie star. But even he leans on franchises and sequels – such as Top Gun, Jack Reacher, and Mission: Impossible.

Smith plays down the suggestion that the traditional movie star has died, adding: “There are movie stars that have massive followings, and I think that will continue to be true.”

But, Dean concluded: “A knock-on effect of side-lining movie stars is we will, in turn, lose the stars themselves. We will miss them, because the best are why we fell in love with Hollywood in the first place.”